Discrimination

Education Lex

CEIRA Act: Sapling of Bitter Fruits of Caste Based Reservations: Part 2

No methodology has been laid down for determining the socially and educationally backward classes because castes alone should not be made the basis for identification. This thing was pointed out by the eminent judiciary of our nation from time to time, but still we as a nation are carrying burden of so called caste system claimed to be imposed by Brahmins, but made rigid by British rulers.

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Education Lex

CEIRA Act: Sapling of Bitter Fruits of Caste Based Reservations: Part 1

Poor people from these classes are still poor and people who have availed the benefit of schemes and reservations are becoming rich day by day, but not revoking their caste status. On asking them, they ask to give daughters of upper castes or general category people to them. Hence such schemes require assessment on the basis of economic condition. But nothing is done by any political party.

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Criminal Lex, Procedural Lex

Definition of “Public View”

The court clarified that for an act to constitute an atrocity under this section, there must be a specific intent to humiliate. It is not enough for an insult to occur; the accused must have the knowledge or awareness that the victim belongs to a SC or ST. The court noted that this awareness could be inferred from long-term association or residence in the same locality.

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Constitutional law

Preamble of UGC Equity Regulations 2026:

The University Grants Commission (UGC) released a new set of rules on January 13, 2026, aimed at ensuring fairness and inclusion within colleges and universities. These rules are officially called the University Grants Commission (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026. This notification acts as an update to older rules from 2012, bringing them in line with the goals of the National Education Policy 2020.

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Constitutional law

Objective of UGC Equity Regulations 2026:

While the objective mentions EWS, the practical application often ignores that general category students can also be economically vulnerable. The regulation often fails to recognize that a student’s general category status does not protect them from poverty. When the equity framework focuses heavily on caste-based identity, the specific struggles of the poor among the general category are often overlooked, leaving them without the same social or institutional support systems.

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Constitutional law

Criticism of certain definitions of UGC Equity Regulation, 2026

The 2012 rules provided specific examples of what counted as discrimination such as during admission or evaluation. The 2026 rules use more general language like “implicit treatment.” This vagueness gives the Head of the Institution much broader discretion to punish behaviors that might not have been considered illegal under the more specific 2012 standards.

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Constitutional law

Lack of definitions in UGC Equity Regulations, 2026

This clause acts as a legal bridge. It ensures that any technical terms or legal phrases not specifically defined within the 2026 regulations will take their meanings from two main sources: the University Grants Commission Act of 1956 or the General Clauses Act of 1897. Essentially, it prevents legal gaps by using established dictionaries of law to interpret the regulations.

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