{"id":905,"date":"2025-12-20T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T23:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/?p=905"},"modified":"2025-12-10T20:35:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T15:05:17","slug":"bnss-section2-part5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/?p=905","title":{"rendered":"\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/bnss-section2-part3\/\">\u091c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924: \u092d\u093e\u0917 2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/bnss-section2-part4\/\">\u091c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917 3: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.1 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(\u091a) <\/em><em>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924. \u091c\u092c \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.2 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 (Accused) \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u0926\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948. \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964 &#8216;\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921 (Specific count of an offence)\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 &#8216;\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0902), \u0924\u094b &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/tag\/criminology\/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"21\">\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 <\/a>(\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937) \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (<a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/tag\/crpc\/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"60\">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a>) \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 2(\u0916) \u092e\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0942\u092c\u0939\u0942 BNSS \u092e\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 (inclusive) \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (exhaustive)\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 BNSS \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092d\u0940 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.3 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 (Framing of Charge) \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (Conviction) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/bnss-section2-part2\/\">\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 <\/a>\u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u0926\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Defence) \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a (Defective Charge) \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Prejudice) \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.4 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (Joinder of Charges), \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0949\u092e\u0928 \u0932\u0949 (English Common Law) \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/tag\/colonial-policy\/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"55\">\u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 <\/a>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.5 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/category\/constitutional-law\/\" data-type=\"category\" data-id=\"54\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 <\/a>\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 21: \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923: &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 21 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0908 (Fair Trial) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0920\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 22(1): \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e: \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/heads-of-charge-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-909\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/heads-of-charge-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/heads-of-charge-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/heads-of-charge-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/heads-of-charge.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8.6 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; (Charge) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924, \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0926\u094b\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923&#8217;, &#8216;\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917&#8217;, \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092f\u093e\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/amasra-chapter-2-51\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"97\">\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/a>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915, \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (Suit) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940&#8217; \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u0938 <a href=\"https:\/\/bharatlex-rinkutai.com\/powspa-chapter2-section6\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"51\">\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 <\/a>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0940 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u092e\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0926\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f CrPC \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 1862 \u092e\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> V. C. Shukla vs State (Delhi Administration) [1980 AIR 1382, 1980 SCR (3) 500]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Judiciary System in Ancient India, Indian Institute of Legal Studies, available at: https:\/\/www.iilsindia.com\/blogs\/judiciary-in-ancient-india\/, Last visited on 10.12.2025<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-wrap\">\n            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple\">\n            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__image\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0CZKBFB88?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/419RhC0hDlL.jpg\" alt=\"Theory of Suspicion\">\n                        <\/a>\n                                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-data\">\n                <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-info\">\n                                            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__bestseller-label\">\n                                                        Bestseller #1                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-title\">\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0CZKBFB88?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                            <h3>\n                                Theory of Suspicion                            <\/h3>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-pricing\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-actions\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0CZKBFB88?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n    Buy on Amazon<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple\">\n            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__image\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0FKBNSW45?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/41bL1Ozfn2L.jpg\" alt=\"The Constitution of India \u2013 Insight Publishing\u2019s Gold Foiled Cove...\">\n                        <\/a>\n                                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-data\">\n                <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-info\">\n                                            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__bestseller-label\">\n                                                        Bestseller #2                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-title\">\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0FKBNSW45?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                            <h3>\n                                The Constitution of India \u2013 Insight Publishing\u2019s Gold Foiled Cove&#8230;                            <\/h3>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-pricing\">\n                                                    <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-price\">\n                                \u20b9357                            <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-actions\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.in\/dp\/B0FKBNSW45?tag=rinkutai0b-21\" class=\"hostinger-affiliate-block-list-simple__product-amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n    Buy on Amazon<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0940\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092c\u0941\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f\u0901! \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0940 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0926 \u092e\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f 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